初中英语考试语法三大从句总结.docx
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1、在初中英语中,主要有三大从句,即宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句(包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。宾语从句一、定义在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。二、连接词that: I think that you can pass the exam.Whether/if: I dont know what the word means.“Wh”: I dont know what the word means.I dont know where he found the book.只用whether的情况:1. 与or not连用:I dont know whether its
2、raining or not.2. 与动词不定式连用:He doesnt know whether to accept the invitation.3. 连接词前有介词时:It depends on whether he is coming.三、时态1. 主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可)She wants to know what he has done for the exam.2.主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。1)She said that she was a student.2)She said that she would fly to Japa
3、n in a week.3)She said that she had finished her homework already.3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.定语从句一、定义在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。二、先行词先行词指人 who /that先行词指物 which/ that定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)后三、关系代词关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分,所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词四、翻译方法 “
4、. 的”Whom:先行词指人,则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语), 与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom1. This is the teacher whomwho we like best.2. I dont like the boy to whom you are talking.Whose :指人或物,作定语,表示 “的”eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.关系代词只能 that 的特殊情况:1.先行词前有序数词修饰时:This is the first gift that my paren
5、ts bought me.2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时:This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.3. 先行词是不定代词something, anything等时.e.g. Is there anything that you want in this shop4. 先行词是人和物时, 用that.e.g. He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.5. 先行词被all , little , the only , the very(就是
6、,正是), the last 等词修饰时,只能用thate.g. This is the last place that I want to visit.6. 特殊疑问句以who 或which 开头,只能用that引导.Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform?当关系代词前使用介词时:物+介词+which ; 人+ 介词 + whom当关系代词前使用介词时:e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.2. This is the teacher to whom
7、my mother is talking.状语从句一、定义在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句,它可以用来修饰谓语(包括非谓语动词)、定语或状语,或是整个句子。二、状语从句一般分为八大类时间状语从句 地点状语从句原因状语从句 目的状语从句结果状语从句 条件状语从句方式状语从句 让步状语从句1. 时间状语从句When-当时候, 通常指某一特定的时间点,主句与从句的动作同时发生。When I opened the window, I saw him come up.When- 正在的时候,突然。通常主句是进行时或 be about to 时,在翻译的时候,when 可以译成没想到或突然。I wa
8、s walking along the street , when I met him.When 当从句是进行时,主句是一般时,往往表示不满。Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast.When=afterWhen the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.While-在期间,往往指一段时间。While we were inAmerica, we saw him twice.While-表示一种不满情绪,意思是这边在干某种重要的事,而另一边在享
9、受等。We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football.As- 一边一边, 随着She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.As- 当时,指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生,从句通常用进行时。As I was going out, it began to rain.The moment- 一就 =as soon as , immediately,-Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed
10、 her?-Yes, I gave her the moment I saw her.Not until- 直到才He didnt leave the office until he finished the work.Before- 在之前The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs.After- 在 之后The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent.Since-自从
11、, 通常主句用现在完成时I have never been there again since I graduated from the university.It is just a week since we arrived here.As soon as- 一就Jack went to school as soon as he got well.No sooner than- 一就no sooner than 用于句首要求倒装Hardly whenScarcely whenNo sooner had he arrived than he went away again.Once- 一但就
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- 初中英语 考试 语法 从句 总结