活塞式压缩机复算以及校核.doc

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1、活塞式压缩机的设计说明目录1.题目22.设计计算3一、计算各级的行程容积 3二、计算各级名义压力和名义压力比 4三、排气温度 4四、第一次精度计算 6五、第一次复算 7六、第二次复算 9七、修正排气温度 10八、排气量计算 10九、计算功率并核算电机功率是否适当 12十、示功图绘制 14十一、综合活塞力的计算 18十二、活塞力图的绘制 24十三、切向力计算及切向力图的绘制 29十四、参考书目 321.题目：复算19WY-9/150型氢氦气压缩机在目前操作条件下的各级压力、排气温度、排气量、功率，作出计算示功图、切向力图、活塞力图、标明最大活塞力与切向力，核算配用电机功率是否适当？2.19WY

2、-9/150型氢氦气压缩机简介19WY-9/150型氢氦气压缩机是我省投产3000吨小型化肥厂的氮氢气压缩机，二列之间为飞轮，由电机通过三角皮带拖动。压缩机为卧式、两列、门型、四线压缩。原料（半水煤气）经脱硫后进入I级，经I级压缩后送去变换、水洗、碳化，碳化后为碳化气。碳化气返回II级、III、IV级压缩后去洗铜、合成。3.目前操作条件与有关数据（1）操作条件：吸气压力：0.15MPa（绝）排气压力：16.0MPa（绝）I级出口与II级进口压力差为DP=0.09MPa吸气温度：级IIIIIIIVTs()30354040I级进口相对湿度F=1（2）气体组成组分N2H2CO2COO2ArCH4半水

3、煤气0.210.390.120.260.0050.00450.0105碳化气0.2370.7090.0050.0290.0030.0050.012（3）有关数据：活塞行程：S=310mm(见注1)，活塞杆直径d=60mm转速：n=228rpm(见注2)，连杆长度l=700mm；I、IV列超前II、III列90度往复运动件重量：IIV列210.9kg；IIIII列193.7kg级IIIIIIIV直径D34021013565相对余隙a0.0650.150.160.1抽气系数m10.890.890.89飞轮矩GD2为471.0kgm2，配用电机额定功率：155kw。设计计算一 . 计算各级的行程容积

4、。I级：II级：III级：IV级：二计算各级名义压力和名义压力比已知三排气温度 1 .绝热指数计算首先需算出各气体的绝热指数，查活塞式压缩机附表1常用气体物理性质得：各气体绝热指数组分绝热指数1.401.411.311.401.401.681.32注：表中所列的气体绝热指数为时的参数，但对于理想气体绝热指数的大小与温度的关系不大，顾可不考虑温度的影响，可把k看做是常数。混合气体的k值计算式为：。对于半水煤气来说有:同理对碳化气有：所以。 2 计算排气温度由式可得级次吸气温度排气温度压力比I303442.043.844II308486.374.864III313447.813.456IV

5、313379.921.956四第一次精度计算 1 各级容积系数根据过程流体机械表2-1计算膨胀指数m得：对于理想气体，容积系数 2 计算工况系数C和精度B 由精度不达标进行第一次复算五第一次复算 1. 计算各级进出口压力由式计算各级压力 2 计算各级压力比 3 确定膨胀系数根据过程流体机械表2-1计算膨胀指数得： 4 计算容积系数 5 计算工况系数和精度精度不达标进行第二次复算六第二次复算重复第一次复算步骤，列出计算结果如下表级IIIIIIIV进气压力0.150.53542.25596.7728排气压力0.62542.25596.772816压力比4.1694.21

6、33.0022.362容积系数0.85030.69830.80040.9157工况常数0.046240.046950.046610.04632精度0.980.97七修正排气温度由式，可得级次吸气温度排气温度压力比I303452.214.169II308466.604.213III313429.963.002IV313401.192.362八排气量计算 1 容积系数 2 确定压力系数对于第一级，压力系数可取为0.950.98，顾取；对于其余各级，压力系数可取为0.981，顾取； 3 确定温度系数根据各级压力比，查过程流体机械图2-12可得：；；； 4 确定泄露系数对于泄露系数的选

7、取，有如下规则：对于不严密，延迟关闭的阀门：；对于单作用式气缸的活塞环：；对于双作用式气缸的活塞环：；对于填料，j为级次。泄露系数计算表级次IIIIIIIV气阀I0.02II0.02III0.02IV0.02活塞环I0.009II0.009III0.03IV0.03填料I0.0005II0.00100.0010III0.00150.00150.0015IV0.00200.00200.00200.0020总相对泄漏量0.03400.03350.05350.052泄露系数0.96710.96760.94920.9506 5 综上并且将结果列表如下级次行程容积（）容积系数压力系数温度系数泄露系数转速

8、n（r/min)I0.054380.85030.970.940.9671 228II0.017040.69830.990.940.9676III0.003560.80040.990.950.9492IV0.001030.91570.990.960.9506 6 计算排气量由式，并代入上表数据可得九计算功率并核算电机功率是否适当 1 计算各级指示功率和总指示功率计算相对压力损失根据各级进排气压力，查过程流体机械图2-14可得：计算实际循环指示功率由公式总指示功率 2 计算轴功率取机械效率则轴功率 3 计算驱动机功率取传动效率则驱动机功率考虑到实际运行当中压缩机会受到载荷

9、波动，气体泄漏等因素影响，会引起功率的增加，驱动机因留有的储备功率，故所选用压缩机的功率为,取压缩机功率为1100kW，而配用电机额定功率为155kW ，故不适当。十示功图绘制示功图及压力指示图是压缩机循环过程在P-V图上的表示，从图中可反映出循环的功耗。在作示功图时，可将膨胀变压和压缩变压过程可看做是绝热膨胀和压缩过程，其体积和压力之间存在着关系式：，C为常数。对于I,II,III,IV级汽缸，其相关参数列表如下：级次IIIIIIIV行程容积0.054380.017040.003560.00103相对余隙容积0.0650.150.160.1余隙容积0.0035350.0025560.000

10、56960.000103容积系数0.85030.69830.80040.91570.046240.011900.0028490.0009432绝热指数1.38981.40611.40611.40610.057920.019600.004130.001130.02070.007050.00190.000610.0035350.0025560.00056960.0001030.011680.0076960.0012810.000190 利用Matlab画出示功图，图及程序如下：第一级： x1=0.01168:0.00001:0.05792; y1=0.15; x2=0.0207:0.00001:0

11、.05792; y2=0.15*0.057921.3898.*x2.(-1.3898); x3=0.003535:0.00001:0.0207; y3=0.6254; x4=0.003535:0.00001:0.01168; y4=0.6254*0.0035351.3898.*x4.(-1.3898); plot(x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x4,y4)第二级： x1=0.007696:0.00001:0.01960; y1=0.5354; x2=0.00705:0.00001:0.01960; y2=0.5354*0.019601.4061.*x2.(-1.4061); x3=0.0

12、02556:0.00001:0.00705; y3=2.2559; x4=0.002556:0.00001:0.007696; y4=2.2559*0.0025561.4061.*x4.(-1.4061); plot(x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x4,y4)第三级： x1=0.001281:0.00001:0.00413;y1=2.2559;x2=0.0019:0.00001:0.00413; y2=2.2559*0.004131.4061.*x2.(-1.4061);x3=0.0005696:0.00001:0.0019; y3=6.7728; x4=0.0005696:0.0000

13、1:0.001281; y4=6.7728*0.00056961.4061.*x4.(-1.4061); plot(x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x4,y4)第四级： x1=0.000190:0.00001:0.00113;y1=6.7728;x2=0.00061:0.00000001:0.00113; y2=6.7728*0.001131.4061.*x2.(-1.4061);x3=0.000103:0.00001:0.00061;y3=16;x4=0.000103:0.00000001:0.000190; y4=16*0.0001031.4061.*x4.(-1.4061);plot

14、(x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x4,y4)十一综合活塞力的计算综合活塞力为活塞中的气体力、往复惯性力和往复摩擦力的代数和 1 气体力计算确定盖侧面积和轴测面积活塞运动分析活塞的位移公式为：活塞的加速度为：式中：其中I-IV列运动的角度为，II-III列为，以 II-III列为例，则盖侧对应于气缸容积的活塞当量位移：轴侧对应于汽缸容积的活塞当量位移：计算任意过程中的某处压力膨胀过程：吸气过程：压缩过程：排气过程：其中余隙容积的当量行程 I-IV列气体力计算盖侧气体力计算膨胀过程: 吸气过程：压缩过程：排气过程：轴侧气体力计算压缩过程：排气过程：膨胀

15、过程：吸气过程 II-III列气体力计算盖侧气体力计算膨胀过程:吸气过程压缩过程排气过程：轴侧气体力计算压缩过程：排气过程：膨胀过程: 吸气过程：2 往复惯性力的计算对I-IV列对II-III列3 往复摩擦力的计算取，式中为第i列指示功率；为压缩机的机械效率；s为活塞行程，n为压缩机转速对I-IV列对II-III列十二活塞力图的绘制1）由以上的计算结果，利用matlab绘制I-IV列活塞力图及程序如下：盖侧活塞力程序及Matlab图： a1=0:0.0001:0.5793;b1=-(3.072./(5.501-cos(a1)-4.375.*(1-0.05224

16、5.*(sin(a1).2).(1./2).1.3898+5.285./(5.569-cos(a1)-4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a1).2).(1./2).1.4061);a2=0.5793:0.0001:pi;b2=-35.61;a3=pi:0.0001:5.01;b3=-(35.906./(5.501-cos(a3)-4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a3).2).(1./2).1.3898+65.163./(5.569-cos(a3)-4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a3).2).(1./2).1.4061);a4=5.01:0.

17、0001:2.*pi;b4=-107.79;plot(a1,b1,a2,b2,a3,b3,a4,b4)盖侧活塞力轴测活塞力Matlab程序及Matlab图： a1=0:0.0001:1.84;b1=36.107./(-3.25+cos(a1)+4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a1).2).0.5).1.3898;a2=1.84:0.0001:pi;b2=54.98;a3=pi:0.0001:3.915;b3=3.089./(-3.25+cos(a3)+4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a3).2).0.5).1.3898;a4=3.915:0.0001:2.*

18、pi;b4=13.19;plot(a1,b1,a2,b2,a3,b3,a4,b4)轴测气体力图摩擦力和往复惯性力Matlab程序及Matlab图： a1=0:0.0001:2.*pi;b1=16.32;a2=0:0.0001:2.*pi;b2=19.24.*(cos(a2)+0.2286.*cos(2.*a2);plot(a1,b1,a2,b2)摩擦力和往复惯性力图综合活塞力的matlab程序及matlab图： a1=0:0.0001:0.5793;b1=-(3.072./(5.501-cos(a1)-4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a1).2).0.5).1.3898+5.

19、285./(5.569-cos(a1)-4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a1).2).0.5).1.4061)+36.107./(-3.25+cos(a1)+4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a1).2).0.5).1.3898+19.24.*(cos(a1)+0.2286.*cos(2.*a1)+16.32;a2=0.5793:0.0001:1.8392;b2=-35.61+36.107./(-3.25+cos(a2)+4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a2).2).0.5).1.3898+19.24.*(cos(a2)+0.2286.*co

20、s(2.*a2)+16.32;a3=1.8392:0.0001:pi;b3=-35.61+54.98+19.24.*(cos(a3)+0.2286.*cos(2.*a3)+16.32;a4=pi:0.0001:3.9151;b4=-(35.906./(5.501-cos(a4)-4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a4).2).0.5).1.3898+65.163./(5.569-cos(a4)-4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a4).2).0.5).1.4061)+3.089./(-3.25+cos(a4)+4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a

21、4).2).0.5).1.3898+19.24.*(cos(a4)+0.2286.*cos(2.*a4)+16.32;a5=3.9151:0.0001:5.01;b5=-(35.906./(5.501-cos(a5)-4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a5).2).0.5).1.3898+65.163./(5.575-cos(a5)-4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a5).2).0.5).1.4061)+13.19+19.24.*(cos(a5)+0.2286.*cos(2.*a5)+16.32;a6=5.01:0.0001:2.*pi;b6=-107.79+

22、13.19+19.24.*(cos(a6)+0.2286.*cos(2.*a6)+16.32;plot(a1,b1,a2,b2,a3,b3,a4,b4,a5,b5,a6,b6)综合活塞力图综合活塞力的最大值约在1.8弧度的位置，其大小约为25kN2）由以上的计算结果，利用matlab绘制II-III列活塞力图及程序如下：盖侧活塞力程序及Matlab图： a1=0:0.0001:0.9934;b1=-78.14.*(0.29./(5.666-cos(a1)-4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a1).2).0.5).1.4061;a2=0.9934:0.0001:pi;b2=-1

23、8.55;a3=pi:0.0001:5.299;b3=-18.55.*(2.23./(5.666-cos(a3)-4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a3).2).0.5).1.4061;a4=5.299:0.0001:2.*pi;b4=-78.14;plot(a1,b1,a2,b2,a3,b3,a4,b4)盖侧活塞力轴测活塞力Matlab程序及Matlab图： a1=0:0.0001:1.7926;b1=10.88.*(2.23./(-3.084+cos(a1)+4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a1).2).0.5).1.4061+25.92.*(2.25./

24、(-3.065+cos(a1)+4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a1).2).0.5).1.4061;a2=1.7926:0.0001:pi;b2=123.66;a3=pi:0.0001:4.211;b3=45.84.*(0.29./(-3.084+cos(a3)+4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a3).2).0.5).1.4061+77.82.*(0.31./(-3.065+cos(a3)+4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a3).2).0.5).1.4061;a4=4.211:0.0001:2.*pi;b4=36.80;plot(a1,b

25、1,a2,b2,a3,b3,a4,b4)轴测气体力图摩擦力和往复惯性力Matlab程序及Matlab图： a1=0:0.0001:2.*pi;b1=16.46;a2=0:0.0001:2.*pi;b2=17.67.*(sin(a2)+0.2286.*cos(2.*a2); plot(a1,b1,a2,b2) 摩擦力和往复惯性力图综合活塞力的matlab程序及matlab图： a1=0:0.0001:0.9934;b1=-78.14.*(0.29./(5.666-cos(a1)-4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a1).2).0.5).1.4061+10.88.*(2.23./(

26、-3.084+cos(a1)+4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a1).2).0.5).1.4061+25.92.*(2.25./(-3.065+cos(a1)+4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a1).2).0.5).1.4061+16.46+17.67.*(sin(a1)+0.2286.*cos(2.*a1);a2=0.9934:0.0001:1.7926;b2=-18.55+10.88.*(2.23./(-3.084+cos(a2)+4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a2).2).0.5).1.4061+25.92.*(2.25./(-3.

27、065+cos(a2)+4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a2).2).0.5).1.4061+16.46+17.67.*(sin(a2)+0.2286.*cos(2.*a2);a3=1.7926:0.0001:pi;b3=-18.55+123.66+16.46+17.67.*(sin(a3)+0.2286.*cos(2.*a3);a4=pi:0.0001:4.211;b4=-18.55.*(2.23./(5.666-cos(a4)-4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a4).2).0.5).1.4061+45.84.*(0.29./(-3.084+cos(a4)

28、+4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a4).2).0.5).1.4061+77.82.*(0.31./(-3.065+cos(a4)+4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a4).2).0.5).1.4061+16.46+17.67.*(sin(a4)+0.2286.*cos(2.*a4);a5=4.211:0.0001:5.299;b5=-18.55.*(2.23./(5.666-cos(a5)-4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a5).2).0.5).1.4061+36.80+16.46+17.67.*(sin(a5)+0.2286.*cos(2

29、.*a5);a6=5.299:0.0001:2.*pi;b6=-78.14+36.80+16.46+17.67.*(sin(a6)+0.2286.*cos(2.*a6); plot(a1,b1,a2,b2,a3,b3,a4,b4,a5,b5,a6,b6)综合活塞力图综合活塞力的最大值约在1.8弧度的位置，其大小约为135kN。十三、切向力计算及切向力图的绘制由化工机器P72公式得切向力的公式为：式中：为列的综合活塞力，T为切向力由以上公式和已算得的综合活塞力，使用Matlab容易得、列的切向力图： a1=0:0.0001:0.5793;b1=(-(3.072./(5.501-cos(a1)-4

30、.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a1).2).0.5).1.3898+5.285./(5.569-cos(a1)-4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a1).2).0.5).1.4061)+36.107./(-3.25+cos(a1)+4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a1).2).0.5).1.3898+19.24.*(cos(a1)+0.2286.*cos(2.*a1)+16.32).*(sin(a1)+0.2286.*sin(2.*a1)./(2.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a1).2).0.5);a2=0.5793:0.0001:

31、1.8392;b2=(-35.61+36.107./(-3.25+cos(a2)+4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a2).2).0.5).1.3898+19.24.*(cos(a2)+0.2286.*cos(2.*a2)+16.32).*(sin(a2)+0.2286.*sin(2.*a2)./(2.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a2).2).0.5);a3=1.8392:0.0001:pi;b3=(-35.61+54.98+19.24.*(cos(a3)+0.2286.*cos(2.*a3)+16.32).*(sin(a3)+0.2286.*sin(2.*a3)./

32、(2.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a3).2).0.5);a4=pi:0.0001:3.9151;b4=(-(35.906./(5.501-cos(a4)-4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a4).2).0.5).1.3898+65.163./(5.575-cos(a4)-4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a4).2).0.5).1.4061)+3.089./(-3.25+cos(a4)+4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a4).2).0.5).1.3898+19.24.*(cos(a4)+0.2286.*cos(2.*a4)+16.3

33、2).*(sin(a4)+0.2286.*sin(2.*a4)./(2.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a4).2).0.5);a5=3.9151:0.0001:5.01;b5=(-(35.906./(5.501-cos(a5)-4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a5).2).0.5).1.3898+65.163./(5.575-cos(a5)-4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a5).2).0.5).1.4061)+13.19+19.24.*(cos(a5)+0.2286.*cos(2.*a5)+16.32).*(sin(a5)+0.2286.*sin(

34、2.*a5)./(2.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a5).2).0.5);a6=5.01:0.0001:2.*pi;b6=(-107.79+13.19+19.24.*(cos(a6)+0.2286.*cos(2.*a6)+16.32).*(sin(a6)+0.2286.*sin(2.*a6)./(2.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a6).2).0.5);plot(a1,b1,a2,b2,a3,b3,a4,b4,a5,b5,a6,b6)切向力图I-IV列最大切向力出现在约为5.0弧度位置处，其大小约为78kN。由以上公式和已算得的综合活塞力，使用Matlab容易得II-III列

35、的切向力图： a1=0:0.0001:0.9934;b1=(-78.14.*(0.29./(5.666-cos(a1)-4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a1).2).0.5).1.4061+10.88.*(2.23./(-3.084+cos(a1)+4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a1).2).0.5).1.4061+25.92.*(2.25./(-3.065+cos(a1)+4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a1).2).0.5).1.4061+16.46+17.67.*(sin(a1)+0.2286.*cos(2.*a1).*(sin(a

36、1)+0.2286.*sin(2.*a1)./(2.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a1).2).0.5);a2=0.9934:0.0001:1.7926;b2=(-18.55+10.88.*(2.23./(-3.084+cos(a2)+4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a2).2).0.5).1.4061+25.92.*(2.25./(-3.065+cos(a2)+4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a2).2).0.5).1.4061+16.46+17.67.*(sin(a2)+0.2286.*cos(2.*a2).*(sin(a2)+0.2286.*s

37、in(2.*a2)./(2.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a2).2).0.5);a3=1.7926:0.0001:pi;b3=(-18.55+123.66+16.46+17.67.*(sin(a3)+0.2286.*cos(2.*a3).*(sin(a3)+0.2286.*sin(2.*a3)./(2.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a3).2).0.5);a4=pi:0.0001:4.211;b4=(-18.55.*(2.23./(5.666-cos(a4)-4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a4).2).0.5).1.4061+45.84.*(0.29./(

38、-3.084+cos(a4)+4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a4).2).0.5).1.4061+77.82.*(0.31./(-3.065+cos(a4)+4.375.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a4).2).0.5).1.4061+16.46+17.67.*(sin(a4)+0.2286.*cos(2.*a4).*(sin(a4)+0.2286.*sin(2.*a4)./(2.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a4).2).0.5);a5=4.211:0.0001:5.299;b5=(-18.55.*(2.23./(5.675-cos(a5)-4.375.

39、*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a5).2).0.5).1.4061+36.80+16.46+17.67.*(sin(a5)+0.2286.*cos(2.*a5).*(sin(a5)+0.2286.*sin(2.*a5)./(2.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a5).2).0.5);a6=5.299:0.0001:2.*pi;b6=(-78.14+36.80+16.46+17.67.*(sin(a6)+0.2286.*cos(2.*a6).*(sin(a6)+0.2286.*sin(2.*a6)./(2.*(1-0.052245.*(sin(a6).2).0.5);plot(a1,b1,a2,b2,a3,b3,a4,b4,a5,b5,a6,b6)切向力图II-III列最大切向力出现在约为1.8弧度位置处，约为124kN。十四参考书目1、化工机器方子严主编中国石化出版社2、过程流体机械李云、姜培正主编化学工业出版社3、活塞式压缩机设计郁永章北京机械出版社31

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