英语研读新课标,挑战新高度(高考英语备考谈).doc

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1、英语研读新课标，挑战新高度！ -高考英语备考谈 2012-10-31明确课程标准新理念，提高复习备考实效性！2011年修订版课程标准理念（一）注重素质教育，体现语言学习对学生发展的价值 （二）面向全体学生，关注语言学习者的不同特点和个体差异 （三）整体设计目标，充分考虑语言学习的渐进性和持续性 （四）强调学习过程， 重视语言学习的实践性和应用性 （五）优化评价方式，着重评价学生的综合语言运用能力 （六）丰富课程资源，拓展英语学习的渠道 明确课程标准实施建议，加强复习备考针对性！2011年修订版课程标准实施建议（一）面向全体学生，为学生全面发展和终身发展奠定基础 （二）注重语言实践，培养学生的语

2、言运用能力 （三）加强学习策略指导，培养学生自主学习能力 （四）培养学生的跨文化交际意识，发展跨文化交际能力 （五）结合实际教学需要，创造性地使用教材 （六）合理利用各种教学资源，提高学生的学习效率 （七）组织生动活泼的课外活动，拓展学生的学习渠道 （八）不断提高专业水平，努力适应课程的要求重视提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析和解决问题的能力；逐步培养学生用英语进行思维和表达的能力。信息社会，学会获取信息和处理信息、分析和解决问题是每个公民必须具备的能力，高中阶段应该特别重视对这一能力的培养，使学生终身受益。明确课程标准评价要求，提高复习备考实效！终结性评价必须以考查学生综合语言运用能力

3、为目标，考试应包括口试、听力考试和笔试等形式，全面考查学生综合语言运用能力。口语测试应着重检测学生的表达与沟通能力和交际的有效性。听力测试（占考试比例不少于20%），着重检测学生理解和获取信息的能力，不应该把脱离语境的单纯辩音题或语法知识题作为考试内容。笔试应当避免单纯语音知识题或语法知识题；应该增加具有语境的应用型试题的比例；适当减少客观题，增加有助于学生思维表达的主观题。明确词汇要求，夯实词汇知识基础！英语新课程标准对词汇教学指出：“词汇教学理念与传统教学有很大不同。从目标描述来看对词汇教学的要求是从运用的角度出发，而不是从定义的角度入手。” 在具体情景中教授词汇，不但可以帮助学生理解，而

4、且有助于他们在交际中恰当地使用所学词汇，从而体现外语教学的交际方向性。词汇的使用，是在语言运用过程中表现出来的。通过有意义的句子或篇章的学习，可以使学生学会单词的意思和用法。对于程度好的学生，教师可以采取英英释义的方法学习新单词。广义的词汇教学，要教文化、教交际、教思考、教学习、教语言。明确语法要求，夯实语法知识基础！新课程标准提倡的语法教学要从用的角度出发。更重要的一点是，要发展学生比较强的语法意识。也就是说，语法教学不能只局限在语法的范畴内，必须与逻辑思维联系起来，与人说话的意识联系起来，与篇章语境联系起来，与题材、体裁联系起来,与词汇的用法联系起来，与文化联系起来。英语课程标准指出；“语

5、法教学，应从语言运用的角度出发，把语言的形式、意义和用法有机地结合起来。要引导学生在语 境中了解和掌握语法的表意功能。”课程标准中对于语法的要求为24项1.名词 2.代词 3.数词 4.介词和介词短语 5.连词 6.形容词 7.副词 8.冠词 9.动词 10.时态11.被动语态 12.非谓语动词 13.构词法 14.句子种类 15.句子成分16.简单句的基本句型 17.主谓一致 18.并列复合句 19.主从复合句 20.间接引语 21.省略 22.倒装 23.强调 24.虚拟语气明确考试说明核心内容语音项目表说明： 英语有不同的口音，如：英国口音、美国口音等。教学中，应该让学生在基本掌握一种口

6、音的基础上，适当接触不同的口音，为他们发展交际能力打下基础。功能意念项目表”共11大项68小项。1.社会交往 2.态度 3.情感 4.时间 5.空间 6.存在 7.特征 8.计量 9.比较 10.逻辑关系 11.职业话题项目表”包括24大项：1.个人情况 2.家庭、朋友与周围的人 3.周围的环节 4.日常活动 5.学校生活 6.兴趣与爱好 7.个人情感 8.人际关系9.计划与愿望 10.节假日活动 11.购物 12.饮食 13.健康 14.天气 15.文娱与体育 16.旅游与交通 17.语言学习 18.自然 19.世界与环境 20.科普知识与现代技术 21.热点话题 22.历史与地理 23.社

7、会 24.文学与艺术词汇复习建议词汇的数量和质量在某种程度上决定了考生读写能力的高低，但是如果只有词汇的数量，而没有词汇的质量（即用字能力），也会影响冲刺高分。考纲对词汇的要求是“能掌握”，所谓掌握就是对你记忆的词汇能在语言交流中使用，而不是只停留在识记层面上。目前部分考生普遍存在的问题，尤其是80-100分左右的考生，词汇基础薄弱是获得高分的最大障碍，回归语言知识基础，突破词汇障碍是冲刺高分的关键。比较以下两篇书面表达短文：短文1Im very glad to introduce myself to you. My name is Zhang Bin. Im seventeen years

8、old. One of my favorite subjects is biology. Im interested in drawing. In my spare time, I often go camping, draw some pictures of plants, and enjoy the singing of birds in nature. I want to be a biologist when I grow up.短文2Im very glad to introduce myself to you. I was born in 1990 in Beijing.I com

9、e from a happy and warm family, which includes mother, father, my sister and me. Full of colorful and challenge school life, I find that I have learned many things and bettered my personality. As for the classes, I like history and English very much. But I am not good at maths and physics. This is t

10、he reason I choose history as my major in the university. Im interested in collecting stamps, which help me learn a lot about history home and abroad. School life is still vivid in my mind. I think every student has one impression in common: we have too many numerous simulated examinations. Especial

11、ly, during the last term, we were given numerous simulated examinations. Well, thats part of the life.以上两篇短文的语言知识基础功底有明显差异，短文1虽然语言错误不多，但是语言表达和语言内容平淡、简单。短文2语言表达内容充实、词汇丰富、语句结构多样。根据高考英语评分标准要求，短文1恐怕及格档都比较勉强；而短文2可以进优秀档，两篇短文在分值上会有十几分的差异！语言知识的厚度，决定了语言能力的高度！所以，考生在挑战高分备考复习中，首先要突破高分词汇关！词汇复习策略1）“抓大放小”：以中档(高中)词

12、汇复习为主 (放初中词汇)：special successsatisfy select significancestadium survive underlineuniform reception reform registerreserve reduce rough realize occupationparagraph precious predictprivate promote purposeprofit positive pretendprevent promise persuadepunish result ruinmention memory measuremayor nervo

13、us narrowfamiliar fault habitexpert encourage electricityexpress experiment especiallyequal disturb designdiet declare devote describe deliverdeadline custom couragecreate control confidentcommon challenge balance avoidargue audience available awardagent system talenttransport variety rewardrelate r

14、escue respondquantity precious oxygenmedia merchant merelymajority infer instantinspire intend independent interruptinstruction instrument interviewinfluence illegal impressimmigrate environmentgenerous guilty gestureconfuse convenient commercialconcrete comment adapt adultadvantage apply appointmen

15、tatmosphere benefit conclusionexchange 中级词汇人物描写佳作：Perhaps the most interestingperson I have ever met is an Italian professor of philosophy who teaches at theUniversity of Pisa. Although I last met this man eightyears ago, I have not forgotten his special qualities. First of all, I respectedhis devot

16、ion to teaching. Students crowded into his classroom, because hislectures were always well prepared and clearly delivered. His followersliked the fact that he believed in what he taught. Secondly, I admiredthe fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with themon the telephon

17、e. During coffee in the caf, he would easily make friends withstudents. Sometimes he would invite a student to a game of chess. Other times,he would join the student groups to discuss a variety of subjects: agriculture,diving and mathematics. Many young people visited him in his office for adviceon

18、their studies; others came to his home for social evenings. Finally, Iwas attracted by his lively sense of humor. He believed that no lesson is asuccess unless, during it, the students and the professor share at least oneloud laugh. Through his sense of humor, he made learning more enjoyable andlast

19、ing. If it is true that life makes a wise man smile and a foolish mancry, then my friend is indeed a wise man. 词汇复习策略2）“多角多项”省时高效记忆词汇提高记忆词汇质量，学会巧记、巧用词汇。例如使用英英释义记忆、句中记忆、文中记忆等一举多得的记忆策略，提高词汇的数量和质量。（1）英英释义记忆，扩大词汇量。例如：absentnot presentloada burdenpredict- say what you think will happenruin- destroy sth c

20、ompletelyequal- the same as big, as good asanotheravoid- stay away stop sth from happeningaward- give a prize or money to sbvariety- a lot of different thingsrespond- do or say sth to answer sb or sthoriginal- real, not copiedmajority- most things or people in a groupinstant- a very short timerescue

21、- save sb or sth from danger（2）学习中摘抄积累好词句中记 句中记忆词汇，通过句意理解强化词汇记忆，提高记忆效果。例如：1. I only wear this suit on special occasions. 2. The relations between our two countries are improving. 3. On average, people who dont smoke are healthier than people who do. 4. This method has the advantages of saving a lot

22、of fuel. 5. The old lady needs a few feather pillows to make herself comfortable.6. I compared the copy with the original,and there wasnt much difference.7. I like the style of his writing but I dontlike the content.8. John seems content to sit in front ofthe television all night.9. He has made an i

23、mportant contribution tothe companys success.10. The arrangement suits his conveniencevery well.11. Her encouragement determined me tocarry on with the work.12. Heavy traffic is causing serious delayson all routes to the coast.13. Their efforts to improve the school havebeen very effective.14. Fortu

24、nately, the fire was discoveredsoon after it had started.15. Listening to the music has a calming influenceon her.16. The hotel offers the highest standardsof comfort and service.17. Id like to go to the concert, but Ihavent any transport.18. She didnt like the work because it lacked variety, she wa

25、sdoing the same things all the time. 19. They rewarded the boy with $5 forbringing the lost dog.20. I get along with others easily, which is especiallyuseful for a volunteer.（3）在使用中记忆词汇（汉英互译）：翻译练习是体现“用中学，学中用” 的最好途径。我们可以在使用语言的过程巩固记忆所学过的词语。因为在语言互译的过程中，我们需要组织语言信息，运用学过的词汇知识，在进行语言表达的过程中，理解和提炼语言知识。翻译练习可以是

26、单句或短文（互译材料可以选自高考真题的单项填空、写作参考文、短文改错短文、完形填空等内容）。例如：句子汉译英 1. 各大报纸都报道了中美之间的贸易谈判。 2. 我将尽快调查此事。只是还需要一些耐心。 3. 我们决定不爬山了，因为雨下得太大了。 4. 出租车司机会经常提醒乘客下车时带好随身物品。 5. 我的朋友鼓励我上暑期课程提高阅读技能。答案：1. All the leading newspapers reported the trade talks betweenChina and the United States.2. Ill look into the matter as soon a

27、spossible. Just have a little patience.3. We decided not to climb the mountainsbecause it was raining heavily.4. The taxi driver often reminds passengers to take theirbelongings when they leave the car5. My friend encourages me to take asummer course to improve my reading skills.短文互译：中文：中国首都北京是世界上最大

28、城市之一。由于位于中国的北部，冬天比较寒冷。但是秋天是北京最好的季节，既不冷也不热。众所周知，北京有众多的名胜古迹，例如颐和园、故宫和长城。中国有句名言“不到长城非好汉”。北京也由于京剧而著名。更令中国人感到自豪的是北京成功地举办了2008年的奥运会。由于承办奥运会使世界有机会更加了解中国和北京。英文：Beijing, the capital of China, is one of the largest citiesin the world. Located in the north, it is very cold in winter. But autumn isthe best seas

29、on since its neither too cold nor too hot. As everyone knows,there are lots of places of interest, such as the SummerPalace, the palace Museum,and the Great Wall. There is a very well-known Chinese saying; “He, who hasnever been to the Great Wall, is not a true man.” Beijing is also famous for Beiji

30、ng Opera. Itis a great honor for Chinese that the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games was a greatsuccess. By hosting the Olympics, we have more chance to let the world knowmore about China and Beijing.（4）一举多得文中记短文背诵可以帮助你在篇章理解中记忆单词、短语和句型，是记忆单词和短语的有效方法之一；“读书百遍，其意自见”，背诵英语可以加深对短文的理解，无疑可以提高你的阅读能力；背诵的过程就是语言输入和积累的过

31、程，对口语交流和写作直接有效，真正做到说时“言之有物”，写时“落笔生花”！当你背诵了3050篇后，就会对英语的感觉开始发生改变-语感初步形成。背诵是学习语言的硬道理、真工夫！最原始的却是最有效方法。背诵例文：Im not good at 1 communicating withothers such as chatting online, discussing questions, giving advice, speakingin 2 public and offering help to others because I always feel timid and 3ashamed whe

32、n talking with others 4especially those of the opposite sex. I most enjoy staying 5 alonein my room and doing whatever I like without being 6 disturbed. From theabove questions I come to 7 realize that I have to more 8 cheerful andopen minded in order to make my dream come true in society. My partne

33、r suggeststhat I can work as a worker, barber, typists, zookeeper or the Mother superior.Im not interested in doing any of the 9 listed jobs at all and Im 10determined to be a designer in the near future（5）话题联想记忆Pollution balance cause damage destroy environmentforbid harmony illegalignore liquid ma

34、terialnuclear phenomenon plasticoccur protect qualityreduce rescue resist ruinsmooth suffer surroundsurvive system Sports accept adventure athleteaudience ceremony benefitcoach control defeatdelay duty encourageentertainment equal failinjure inspire kickmeasure medal positionreward rapid scorestadiu

35、m succeed struggleFeeling admire amaze appreciateashamed astonish awfulanxious confident curiousdelight envy nervousoptimistic patient puzzledquarrel regret respect scaresensitive Education academic arrange applybehave biology causechallenge character commoncongratulation courage culturedegree devot

36、e experienceexpress expert familiargraduate intelligence instructioninstitute introduce interviewjunior lecture mentionmethod normal novelopinion refer regularrequest offer principlepermit provide section scholarship scheduleselect senior uniform 冲刺高考英语高分，过好词汇关才会有挑战完形填空、阅读理解、书面表达以及新题型任务阅读这些高分试题的资本！英

37、语学习的基石-词汇和语法。挑战高分的资本除了过好词汇关，还要过好-语法知识关！语法复习建议在备考复习中，首先要对大纲要求掌握的24项语法项目进行“瘦身”处理，即强化主干语法知识的最后梳理，例如高分必须过关的三项语法：动词时态、复合句和非谓语动词。因为英语动词的灵活多样，是中国学生学习英语的难点，所以也是英语测试的考查重点和热点。重点突破以下语法要点：*清楚非谓语动词的逻辑主语:非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象。但是它在英语中的作用仅次于动词时态。难点是它的动词特点；即可以有自己的宾语、状语以及时态和语态的形式变化。因此，非谓语动词是高中语法学习的难点和重点，是高分考生必须具备的语法知识基础。非

38、谓语动词掌握的如何在高考中是可以拉开档次的，是高考中的热点和失分点。利用背佳作，记语法。Recently, our class have had a heateddiscussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of thecity. Some of my classmates are in favor of the move. They say large crowds oftourists to the zoo will result in traffic jams. They always say that once

39、moved, animals will have more space and better living conditionsin the suburbs. However, other students are against the idea, sayingthat the Beijing Zoo, built in 1906, has a history of 100years, and is well-known at home and abroad. So it should remain whereit is. Whats more, moving may cause the d

40、eath of some animals. Tomove or not, this is a big decision which has to be made bypeople in Beijing.突破高分试题 完形填空 阅读理解 书面表达高考高分的决胜题为完形填空试题，它是一道语言知识综合性最强的试题，深受各种英语测试的青睐。如何将完形填空试题在高考中的“失分大户”变为“得分大户”呢？在最后阶段的复习，部分考生认为完形填空试题太难，在短时间内不会有突破。其实不然，我们可以实施“有效偏科”策略，猛攻完形填空试题，采取啃得就是硬骨头策略，进行专项强化训练，熟练解题技巧，实现质的飞跃，使整个英

41、语成绩上一个台阶，使“失分大户”变“得分大户”。完形填空备考策略：1）语篇突破加大无词填空训练，目的是提高语篇理解的能力。无词填空训练，强迫你要依赖篇章进行选词，使文章通顺达意。不受干扰项的干扰，与读者对话是完成完形填空试题的良好习惯。选项中涉及了80个词语，但是有效词语只有20个（仅四分之一）。如果我们能依赖篇章，读懂作者，选项中的无用信息就不会占用宝贵的考试时间。无词填空是难度比较大的一种思维训练，但是训练的效果比较好。完形填空本来是一篇完整的短文，空缺的信息是可以根据上下文、语篇逻辑及生活常识等方面的知识和信息获得。 2）培养语感 背诵经典，提高语感。高考完形填空的短文都是精心挑选的，体

42、裁与题材是考生比较熟悉的，一些经典的短文常被用作完形填空的练习，这些短文往往让读者爱不释手，回眸无限。在背诵中可以体会完形填空的出题思路和挖空角度，从而做到知己知彼。书面表达备考策略： 高分作文最大的特点：要具备写作的四种能力和满足高分的四项标准。1）明确写作考查的4能力：（1）审题能力：明确写作目的、要传递什么信息, 要说明什么问题、思想性等；（2）组织能力：处理信息的能力、组织文章的逻辑性；（3）修改能力：发现问题、纠正错误、提高文章档次；（4）发挥能力：表达简洁、地道、流畅、语言形式多样、词汇丰富、有自己的见解等。2）明确写作高分的4标准： （1）覆盖所有内容要点； （2）准确使用所学的

43、语法和词汇；（3）应用了较多的语法结构和词汇；（4）有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。简言之优秀作文的特点就是：“内容全、无错误、语言美、句连贯。”考生如果对高分作文的评分标准十分明确，就能够按要求进行写作训练。训练中首先，要打好语言知识基础，能准确并且灵活运用所学过的词汇、语法和句型进行书面表达；其次，是能够正确使用连接词使文章连贯，具有逻辑性。例如以下短文修改前：We can imagine the beautiful surroundings. There are many trees along the streets. There is a clean river in

44、the city. There are many fishes in the river. There are willow trees on one side. There are some pieces of grassland on the other side. There are many flowers on them.修改后：Just imagine the beautiful surrounds if we have much made our cities greener. Green trees line streets. A clean river winds through the city, in which there are a lot of fishes around. On one side stand rows of willow trees. On the other side lies a stretch of grassland sprinkled with many yellow and red flowers. 很明显文章修改前后的变化。修改后的短文，长短句交替，句型结构变化大，文章流畅自然，生动活泼。总之，新课程改革下的备考要夯实语言基础知识，强化读写训练，才能以不变应万变，冲刺理想高分！