1、山东理工大学 毕业设计（外文翻译材料）学 院：专 业：学生姓名：指导教师：电气与电子工程学院电气工程及其自动化23外文翻译（译文）Design and Costs Estimation of Electrical Substations Based on Three-Dimensional Building BlocksAbstract： Substations design is a fundamental engineering component in power network construction. The benefits obtained for having adequat
2、e tools and design systems are related mainly to cost savings, reduction of construction problems and faster throughput of projects. In this paper we propose an approach based on three dimensional building blocks to construct virtual substations. The building blocks can become 3D standards for advan
3、ced engineering, automated drawing, data extraction and reusability of designs. Therefore these substation designs can improve quality and reliability of the design process. With virtual substations we can use them to help on making decisions about construction site selection and community and gover
4、nment acceptance. Finally 3D visualization and walkthrough can be used to improve construction, commissioning, operations and maintenance of distribution and transmission electrical substations.Keywords: Building Blocks, 3D Environments, Electrical Substations Design, CAD Tools.1 IntroductionIn this
5、 paper a system for designing electrical distribution substations (SIDSED) is described. The system uses different levels of building blocks to ease the design process and facilitate the estimation of costs of new electrical substations. The building blocks are based on three levels of abstraction;
6、buildings blocks in the highest level are composed from building blocks in lower levels. Each building block has an associated cost obtained from a concepts catalogue with unit prices. The system was developed for CFE (Electricity Federal Commission) which is the main utility for generation and dist
7、ribution of electricity in Mexico.Using different levels of abstraction allow human designers the flexibility to devise a substation design using different levels of complexity and plasticity. For instance, if it is needed to change radically the design of a new substation an engineer can use basic
8、elements from lower levels of abstraction (transformers, high-voltage circuit breakers, lightning rods, structures, foundations, ducts banks, etc). Also, if a new design of a substation is required quickly, the designer may use modules, which is a group of elements in superior levels of abstraction
9、(line bay, transformer bay, control room, edge wall, etc). Once the configuration of a substation has been completed, human designers can estimate the cost for that substation and they are able to make decisions about the involved costs, type and size of equipments and future developments for that e
10、lectrical substation.2 Traditional Design for New SubstationsFigure 1 depicts a flow diagram about the current process for designing a new electrical substation. Human designer bases new designs on information and data from developed projects such as: topographical data, old CAD drawings and budget
11、data to generate new CAD drawings, costs estimation and tender documents for a new substation.3 System RequirementsCFE asked for several requirements to meet the needs of 13 distribution divisions. The requirements for SIDSED were established taking into account that it will be used in all CFEs Divi
12、sions across the country. The main solicited requirements were:R1. The system must consider the whole design process for 115-KV substations.R2. The system must be able to design 3D normalized arrangements (H, ring, main bus and main-bus transfer-bus).R3. The system must have interoperability with co
13、sts engineering software in order to obtain the costs for building substations.R4. The system must have 3D visualization and walkthrough to give information about equipments (transformers, high-voltage circuit-breakers, etc.), building elements (foundations, ducts banks, walls, etc.) and verify secu
14、rity distances between components.R5. The system must generate drawings, concepts catalogue and costs estimation documents.R6. The system must generate a visualization file to share the substation with personnel without the necessity of having the system or any software used for development.4 Relate
15、d WorkSubstations design is a fundamental engineering design component in power network construction. Puget and Enriquez dealt with several concepts related with good practices for substations design 1 2. However, due to complexity in designing an electrical substation the process can be tedious and
16、 time consuming; therefore the design time can be prohibitively long. In recent times, with the aid of two dimensional CAD systems, substations design time has been reduced considerably. During these years, other industries have adopted three dimensional modeling for example: process plant design, m
17、echanical design, manufacturing, architecture, civil engineering, medicine, etc. There are a lot of software packages, hardware tools and information related to 3D and virtual environments 3. The benefits of 3D design and modeling in these industries are well documented 4. Reduction of change orders
18、, concurrent engineering designs, elimination of interferences, increased quality of design, accurate material requirements, faster project throughput, visualization and construction sequencing have all shown quantifiable benefits 5. Aberden 6 describes in a full study the benefits obtained with the
19、 migration from 2D to 3D, mainly reducing the change of orders and reusing existing parts and morphing an existing part into a new one. With respect to reusing parts in the design process, there are recent works which discuss problems involved in design reuse 7 8. However, most studies on the topic
20、of reuse have predominately dealt with problems involving computer software and architectural reuse 9, 10, 11, 12. Griss and Nazareth have shown that reusing design components is useful to reduce costs and shrink development time 13 14. In our approach, we reuse electrical and civil components as bu
21、ilding blocks in order to ease the design process. Additionally the system estimates the costs for building new electrical substations.5 System DescriptionIn order to accomplish with the specified requirements, SiDSED was developed having three modules: engineering design module, costs engineering m
22、odule and visualization module (see Figure 2). In the engineering design module, human designers use the building blocks to design a new electrical substation, taking into account some topographical data. After that, the cost of an electrical substation is estimated with the costs engineering module
23、. Finally, with 3D visualization and walkthrough module, designers can make decisions about aspects related with construction, operations, maintenance and training.5.1 Three-Dimensional Building Blocks SchemeThe 3D building blocks library was developed using a CAD software tool, which was selected f
24、rom several software tools options to fulfill the established requirements for the system 15. The 3D models were associated at different levels of abstraction and stored in a library embedded in the design engineering module. The schematic diagram of building blocks at different abstraction levels i
25、s shown in Figure 3. It can be seen from the figure that each building block at level 1 is a basic element. In level 2 there are building blocks formed by elements from level 1, which are represented by horizontal rectangles. In the third level of abstraction, the horizontal rectangles are put toget
26、her in order to have building blocks represented by vertical rectangles, which finally are used to design the physical arrangements of substations (H, ring, main bus and main bus-transfer bus). It is important to mention that each building block has associated its costs in such a way we can obtain t
27、he costs of the whole substation.6 System Modules6.1 Design Engineering ModuleThis module is divided in two processes: volumetric calculation and substations configuration. For volumetric calculation the soil movement is estimated in order to create terraces, levels and profiles in the construction
28、site and estimate the associated costs depending on several factors (terrain type, soil volume, unit costs, etc.). The objective of the substations configuration process is to build normalized substations including bays, control rooms, edge wall, ducts banks, etc. With the final design of the substa
29、tion, the civil and engineering CAD drawings can be generated; a list of all elements of the substation are generated and linked with their costs. With these information can be generated the documents related with tender bases. The updating of CAD drawings and costs estimation will be made automatic
30、ally when the substation design is changed, avoiding the time consuming activities to maintain all information updated.6.2 Costs Engineering ModuleIn this module the list of all elements generated in the design module are linked automatically to estimate the costs for building that substation. The a
31、ssociated costs for each building block are stored in a catalogue of concepts which describes the technical specifications and costs based on their unit prices6.3 Visualization ModuleThis module consists of visualization and walkthrough around the virtual electrical substation in order to make decis
32、ions about layout design, types and sizes of equipments and constructive elements. The main objectives of this module are: to detect and avoid interferences between elements and verify security distances between components. It is also helpful to show the design to be approved by other government sec
33、tor.6.4 Three Dimensional Building Blocks LibraryFor creating the 3D library we build and grouped together 3D elements at different levels of abstraction. As we can see in Figure 4, the first level consists of building blocks of basic elements, such as transformers, high-voltage circuit-breakers, li
34、ghtning rods, structures, foundations, duct banks, etc. (see Figure 4, level 1). Each of these elements has associated its unit price through a link with the concepts catalogue. In the second level are the building blocks that are formed by elements of the first level, for instance, the transformer-
35、perch building block is composed by a transformer, a transition perch, foundations, and groundings. The H structure with disconnect blades is formed by an H structure, blades, a motoperator, foundations and grounding (see Figure 4, level 2). Finally, the third level is formed by building blocks in t
36、he most superior abstraction level, for example: line bay, transformer bay, control room, edge wall, etc (see Figure 4, level 3). This 3rd level is the most used abstraction level in the design process because it has all the necessary equipments for a specific function. For example, the control room
37、 has all equipments and materials inside of a standardized control room. If the designer needs to design a novel control room then he/she needs to use the 1st and 2nd abstraction level. It is very important to mention that each building block in the three abstraction levels has associated its unit p
38、rice in such a way that at the end, the costs estimation for the whole substation is obtained.Because building blocks were obtained from experienced human designers; these were developed in such a way that these can be used in different types of arrangements (ring, transfer bus, H, etc.). Therefore
39、using these building blocks, the engineer can design a great variety of electrical substations very quickly.7 Costs Estimation and Design of Electrical SubstationsSIDSED is being used for development and costs estimation of new substations at CFE. To estimate the associated costs to build a new subs
40、tation each building block has associated unit prices from a concepts catalogue. By designing a new substation based on those building blocks we will know a priori the total cost for that substation. As an example in Figure 5 is shown the costs estimation of a building block in the 3rd level integra
41、ted by 2 building blocks in the 2nd level of abstraction. In this example the cost involves an H structure, a high-voltage circuit-breaker, blades, motoperator, foundations and grounding. The cost of this building block is estimated in almost 250,000 pesos.In Figure 6 a) and b) are shown images and
42、drawings from the Valle Verde substation (i.e. top view, edge wall, control room and transition perch). Valle Verde substation is configured in an H arrangement. Figure 7 shows images from La Reina a main-bus substation arrangement. Figure 8 shows La Diana, an encapsulated GIS substation, this subst
43、ation is being designed in three levels in a completely novel way because it is located in a very populated area in Mexico City and it has spatial restrictions requirements. The system will help to make decisions about the convenience of each substation and which is the best equipment distribution a
44、nd configuration based mainly on their estimated costs among other criteria such as: 3D interferences, additional future bays, etc.8 ResultsThe results obtained with this approach is a library of 120 building blocks in the first level of abstraction, 30 elements in the second level and 15 in the mos
45、t superior and complex level of abstraction. Additionally human designers in Distribution Department are working in the development of electrical distribution substations based on different arrangements (main bus, H, ring and main bus-transfer bus) used at CFE. With the building blocks library human
46、 designers will be able to design other normalized arrangements as well as generating fully new substations configuration. Once the 3D virtual substation is designed the CFEs Divisions obtain the following benefits:l Volumetric calculation for soil movement.l The civil and electromechanical CAD draw
47、ings.l The costs estimation of substations based on the concepts catalogue.l A three-dimensional visualization to navigate around the substation and to take 3D measurements in order to verify security distances between components.l Costs estimation documents to help in the elaboration of tender docu
48、ments.l Visualization files to review the completeness and exactness of substations. Some of the benefits obtained with SIDSED are the following:l Reduction in time. In a preliminary study the first group of designers is taking in average 75% less time to design a new substation.l Cost savings. The
49、cost savings for CFE is related with reducing the change of orders or modify a substation design when is it in the construction process.l Standardization. Improving the standardization process of substations through the use of a standardized building blocks library besides using a unique concepts catalogue with standardized unit prices.
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