英语写作(一)Unit-2-The-Appropriate-Word.ppt

1、2011-Simon-GDUBSUnit ObjectivesDifferentiate various styles in English,namely,formal,general,colloquial,and slang;Avoid some pitfalls of Chinglish;andDevelop an awareness of audience in note writing.INTRODUCTION By“appropriate”,we mean the proper style of English and the avoidance of Chinglish.We mu

2、st be aware from the very beginning that there exist various styles in words:some are formal or general,while others are colloquial or slang.2011-Simon-GDUBSINTRODUCTION Knowing these styles is the first step in the practice of using them in writing.The choice of style is decided by genre as well as

3、 the audience.When you write,you should be able to decide on the style of their writing according to these two factors.2011-Simon-GDUBSPart II Focus On P16.Formal:adjourn general:finishFormal:consensus general:agreement2011-Simon-GDUBSPart II Focus Formal or general?After a double attempt to insert

4、himself through the window,Mike conceded failure.Change:After two tries at climbing in through the window,Mike gave up.2011-Simon-GDUBS FocusRevise the paragraph on P17.Reference:The author has made a lifetimes study of film history,and the knowledge she has accumulated is tempered by a fine sense o

5、f judgment.She devotes a whole chapter to an analysis of horror film.These films,according to her,do much more than just frighten us;they enable us to forget our worries.2011-Simon-GDUBS Classroom Activities 1.Natural style:If there is an accident or incident that may be covered by this policy,notif

6、y us in writing as soon as possible.you can give this notice to any of our authorized agents.2011-Simon-GDUBS Classroom Activities2.a.The general manager asked you to wait for a second.b.when Macbeth recoiled at the thought of murder,Lady Macbeth urged him not to withdraw.c.I asked him to stop his m

7、isconduct.2011-Simon-GDUBS Classroom Activities3.The first excerpt is colloquial and the two persons may be friends or colleagues.The second excerpt is rather formal and the two persons may colleagues.The third is the most formal.Actually it is taken from a report and the writer may de the head of t

8、he department.2011-Simon-GDUBSChinglishGrasp the connotationa.The word propagate is the literal equivalent of 宣传,but its affective meaning is totally different.It is derogatory in contrast to the neutral Chinese word.The sentence can be translated into“Please help us to advertise this new product.”2

9、011-Simon-GDUBSChinglishb.The word 个人主义 has a negative sense in Chinese while individualistic is just the opposite in English.It signifies independence,individual freedom and right,so it is not the English equivalent of个人主义;a better word would be selfish,or self-centered.2011-Simon-GDUBSChinglishAvo

10、id repetition of meaningTranslate on P20 2011-Simon-GDUBSChinglisha.Everyone feels(without unanimously)that doesnt seem to be true.b.That idea sounded very interesting,and the two ideas happened to merge(without together).c.The high-jumper has set a(without new)world record.2011-Simon-GDUBSChinglish

11、On P211.a.How are you?b.your opinions will be appreciated.c.you must have had a tiring journey/day/well done./That was a hard job.2011-Simon-GDUBSChinglish2.a.He was tortured by the enemy.他受到敌人残酷的迫害。b.That s an illusion.那是不切实际的幻想。2011-Simon-GDUBSChinglishc.We have eliminated the enemy force.我们把敌人全部消

12、灭了。d.How can you believe those lies?你怎么能相信这些毫无根据的谎言呢？2011-Simon-GDUBSGrammarSubjective vs.objective1.Subjective pronouns can be used as the subject or part of the predicate(谓语）of a sentence,while objective pronouns can be used as the object of either a verb or a preposition.2011-Simon-GDUBSGrammarSu

13、bjective vs.objective2.Both subjective and objective pronouns can be used as part of a predicate and the difference lies in style.If a subjective pronoun is used,it sounds formal and,therefore,is usually preferred in formal writing.If it is an objective pronoun that is used,it sounds colloquial and

14、is,therefore,preferred in in-formal speech.2011-Simon-GDUBSGrammarSubjective vs.objective3.Phrases like I think,I believe,I suppose,when inserted into a clause,do not affect the roles of the other components in the clause.2011-Simon-GDUBSGrammarSubjective vs.objective4.when the interrogative pronoun

15、（疑问代词）is not the first word of a question,standard usage has not yet given up whom after a preposition or at the end of the question:For whom was the party given?You listened to whom?With whom did you go?2011-Simon-GDUBSGrammarSubjective vs.objectiveHowever,popular usage has been moving towards the

16、elimination of whom,especially when it comes first in a question.Who is it for?Who did you meet?Who are you looking for?2011-Simon-GDUBSGrammarSingular vs.plural1.Use a singular pronoun when the intent of the antecedent is singular.An indefinite pronoun（不定代词）,like someone,everyone,no one,and one,is

17、usually considered to be singular and referred to with singular pronouns,but sometimes it is used in the plural sense and form.2011-Simon-GDUBSGrammarSingular vs.plural2.Use a plural pronoun when the intent of the antecedent is plural.2011-Simon-GDUBSGrammarPoint of viewOne of the problems about the

18、 point of view is a careless shift from one subject to another within a sentence or from one sentence to the next.The solution is to rewrite the paragraph using a consistent presiding pronoun,or point of view.2011-Simon-GDUBS AssignmentDo the Follow-up exercises.2011-Simon-GDUBS Class Is OverThanks for your attentionThanks for your attention and and See you next timeSee you next time