ElementsofChemicalReactionEngineering-SolutionsManual3ed-Fogler.PDF

1、SOLUTIONS MANUAL Elements.of Chemical Reaction Engineering THIRD EDITION by Timothy Hubbard,Jessica Hamman,and David Johnson with Kylas Subramanian,Sumate Charoenchaidet,Probjot Singh,John Santini,H.Scott Fogler,Lisa Ingalls,Abe Sendijarevic,and Nicholas Abu-Absi 3rd Edition,Solution Manual,Chapter

2、1 Chapter 1 General:The goal of these problems are to reinforce the definitions and provide an understanding of the mole balances of the different types of reactors.It lays the foundation for step 1 of the algorithm in Chapter 4.PI-1.This problem might encourage students to get in the habit of writi

3、ng down what they learned from each chapter.PI-2.Small open-ended question from which one could choose one or two parts.Parts(a),(b)or(e)are recommended.PI-3.This problem use Example 1-3 to calculate a CSTR volume.It is straight forward and gives the student an idea of things to come in terms of siz

4、ing reactors in chapter 4.An alternative to PI-11 and PI-12.PI-4.Alternative to PI-3,PI-11,and PI-12.See PI-3 above.Problems PI-5,PI-6,and PI-7 review the definitions given in the chapter.PI-8.This problem can be assigned to just be read and not riecessarily to be worked.It will give students a flav

5、or of the top seljing chemicals and top chemical companies.PI-9.This problem will be useful when the table is completed and the students can refer back to it in later chapters.Answers to this problem can be found on Professor Susan Montgomerys equipment module on the CD-ROM.See Pl-17.PI-10.Many stud

6、ents like this straight forward problem because they see how CRE prinaples can be applied to an everyday example.It is often assigned as an in class problem and part(g)is usually omitted.Problems PI-11 and PI-12 show a bit of things to come in terms of reactor sizing.Can be rotated from year to year

7、 with PI-3 and PI-4.See PI-3 above.m-13.Asks for details of operation of an industrial reactor.PI-14.Encourages and requires the student to go outside the text for information related to CRE.May be a bit early in the text to assign this problem.PI-15.Encourages and requires using other sources to ob

8、tain information.PI-16.Encourages using other sources to obtain information.m-17.I strongly recommend this problem be assigned.It can be used in conjunction with Problem PI-9.Professor Susan Montgomery has done a 3rd Edition,Solution Manual,Chapter 1 great job pulling together the material on real r

9、eactors in her equipment module on the CD-ROM.PI-18.I always assign this problem so that the students will learn how to use POLYMATH/MatLab before needing it for chemical reaction engineering problems.PI-19.As the WWW becomes more developed,it may be more and more important to assign this problem.CD

10、P1-A Similar to problems 3,4,11,and 12.CDPl-B Points out difference in rate per unit liquid volume and rate per reactor volume.Summary PI-1 PI-2)PI-3 PI-4 PI-5 P1-6 PI-7 PI-8 PI-9 PI-10 PI-1 1 PI-12 PI-13 PI-14 PI-15 PI-16 PI-17 a PI-18 PI-19 CDPl-A CDPI-B Assigned 0 Alternates-Read Only Difficulty

11、SF FSF FSF FSF FSF FSF FSF FSF Time-Solution Given No c&d Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Partial Partial No Yes No Assi-med=Always assigned,AA=Always assign one from the group of alternates,0=Often,I=Infrequently,S=Seldom,G=Graduate level 3rd Edition,Solution Manual,Chapter 1 Alt

12、ernates In problems that have a dot in conjunction with AA means that one of the problem,either the problem with a dot or any one of the alternates are always assigned.Time Approximate time in minutes it would take a B/B+student to solve the problem.Difficultv SF=Straight forward reinforcement of pr

13、inciples(plug and chug)FSF=Fairly straight forward(requires some manipulation of equations or an intermediate calculation).IC=Intermediate calculation required M=More difficult OE=Some parts open-ended.*o t e the letter problems are found on the CD-ROM.For example A=CDP1-A.Summary Table Ch-1 Review

14、of Definitions and 1,5,6,7,8,9 Assumptions Introduction to the CD-ROM 17,18,A Make a calculation 10,11,12,13 Open-ended 14,15,16 Straight forward 2(b)3,13 Fairly straight forward 4,11,12,B More difficult 10 Chapter 1 P1-l No solution will be given.p1-2(a)Reactants might not be hot enough to react.(b

15、)Plot Cost vs.Volume on log-log paper.Use this graph to generate an equation for cost as a function of volume.In(Cost)vs.In(Volume)13 8 0 2 4 6 8 In(Volume)From this we generate the equation:Cost=13,270(V)O.We can use this equation to find the desired prices:For a 6000 gallon reactor:Cost=13,270(600

16、0)=$165,400 For a 15,000 gallon reactor:Cost=13,270(15,000)=$21 5,740 10 dm3/min C,(c)V=300.3dm3 0.23 min O.OOlC,(d)For Constant Pressure:(e)He/She might not be able to respond to a malfunction if he/she became injured,and no one would be there to come to hidher aid.w.For C S n.equation(31-3)is rr;o

17、so-rA=LC*F A-C v A So the first equation bacoea 3 given that CA 0.1 CAO,Y-10 dm/ah and k-0.23/oin.d The Cm i s 4 times lartot than tho plug flow reactor for thaab canditions.Solution Pl-4 Reaction:A-B Problem:Determine time to reduce the number of moles of A to 1%of its initial va1u.e.Mole Balance:(

18、constant volume,batch reactor)Rate Law.(fisi order)N.-r,=kc,where k=23/min and C,=T N.Therefore,-rA=k-v Combine:dN 2-d L -m,(Solution by J.T.Santini Jr.)a)The asswnNons made in deriving I&design e q d o n for a batch eta rrr:-closed system:no s u c w anying m u e m a luve the rwcux-no spatial vYiuio

19、n in system proparia b)The assumptions made in deriving rhe d u i p eqwion for a CSIR.a r c:-steady state-no spatial variation in comn111uo11.ampurnuc.or reaction rue thmugh Ihc vessel.C)The+rrumpcim mde in deriving Ihc design equation for a plug-flow rucror are:-steady slue-no radii variation ia pm

20、pcnia of rynan d)The lrsumptions made in deriving the design e q d o n for a packed-bad-tor ut:-steady m e -no ndid miation in propaties of system,e)-rAV is rhc rut of d i w p p u w e of spaies A per unit mass o r ma)of atslyst=moks 1(time-mau caulyu).r is the rue of fomuuon of species A per unit ma

21、ss(or area)of curlyst=moles I(rimccrulyst).-r is an intensiq quuui,in that it is a function of thc conantmion,ternperuuh prcsurc.and h e type o f a d y s (if my).md u defined u my pPiLU within rhc reactor.An extensive qumlity i s r property which k o b-by summing up chc propuria of individual nrbsys

22、tems within I h c u system;in this sense,-r u independent of lhc urcnt of Ihc system General Mole Balance:For a CSTR,then is no accumulation.Also,assume weU mixed,so that there is no spatial variation in the reactor.The mole balauce simplifies to:O=Fp-Fj+tjV The rate of reaction based on volume is r

23、elated to the rate of reaction based on catalyst weight by the bulk catalyst density pb.The reactor volume and catalyst weight are also related by a similar cquarion.-rj=Pb(-r;)w=vp,Combining and rearranging the last three equations gives the equation for a fluidized CSTR:Fp-F,w=-rj(Solution by J.T.

24、Santini.Jr.)-.Sole balance or species j i s:l e t M-mol.t.of r?acias j f(mole.)(mass)Thou F Y.-Jo J-1-I-mass flow rate of 3 into tho reactor;(tire)(mnle)N 1 1 mass)-n4 1-1(01e.s)&m=ass oc species j tho zeaetor and noting that Xj i s coastant:Or.upon s n b s t i t o t i o into Eqn.(1-4.)PI-8.-NO solu

25、tion will be given.rreaenr Slrnpel Batch Reaclor Is charged vla IW holes 1.Gas phase 1.Small scale producllon 1.Hlgh convenlon par m U volume I.Hlgh operallng cosl In!he lop ol Iha tmk;rrhlle m a d h 2.Llquld ere 2.Inlarmuilale or one h o n,p a u 2.Product qullily Is carded oul,nolhln else Is pul In

26、 or Iaktn wl 3.Llquld rolld shol producllon 2.FleuDlllly of operallon-ram more varlable lhan unlll Ihe reedlon Is done:lank aaslly healed or 3.Phannacaullal reactor u n produce w product wllh amllnous oparallon cooled by Iedcet 4.Fannanlellon one Ilme and a dlfleral producl lhe nerl 3.Easy to dam St

27、ml Balch Ellhtr one reaclanl Is chargad and Ih.dhar 1.Two phase rxns 1.SmeU scale prcducllon 1.Hlgh m a n b n prr unll voluma 1.Hlgh operallng labor Is led canllnously(a1 small camlmlbna)or 2.Gas.llquld 2.Compellng reacllms for on,n cosl else me ol Iha product can ba removed 3.Llquld.rolld 2.Good r

28、d.*l v l l y;feed can be 2.Pmducl qullily anllnwsly(lo.avold slde reacilons)amlollad as lo mlnlmlzr rlde runs more varlable lhan 3.Flerlbllly ol oporalh;can be used wllh conllnous operalbn J l h a relkn condensar lor soban1 recovery,orh bubble lype runs C o n t l n o l y Run al sleady slale rrllh wn

29、llnoua lbw 01 1.Llquld phase 1.When agllallon Is 1.Conllnous opeallon 1.Lowesl conversbn Stlrrrd Tank reactants and producls;Iha fwd rssums(I 2.Gas-llqulb nna rrqulrad 2.Good lempaalurr unlrd per unll volume Reactor(CSTR)unllonn wmposllbn lhroughoul lhe reeclot,0 x11 3.Solld.llquld runs 2.Sedes a)nl

30、lgurallons 3.Easlly adapls lo IW phase NnS 2.By.patslng end slream has Ihe same composlllon as In Iha lank for dlllentnl concenl 4.Good conlrd channeling posslbla rallon rlream 5.Slmplldly of conslru*bn wllh pca egllellm.6.Low operallng(labor)cosl 7.Easy lo dean Plug Flow Arranged as one long long r

31、eaaor or many ahon 1.Prlmarlly gas 1.Large scale 1.nigh convenlon per unit Yoklme 1.Undesired Ihennal Reactor(PFR)reaclorr In a tube bank no radlal vadalbn In phase 2.Frsl nadlons 2.Low oparallng(labor)wsl gradianls may exirl reacllon rale(ancmlrallon);cmcenlrallon 3.Homogeneous runs 3.Conllnous ope

32、nllon 2.Poor Iempanlura chnger with lenglh down lhe reador 4.Helerqeneour rans 4.Good haal Innsler conlrd 5.Conllnous producllon 3.Shuldown and deenlng 6.H l h lempefalure may ba trpanslve Tubular fixed bed Tubular reaclor lhrl Is packed dlh rdld 1.Gas phasehdld 1.Used prlmadly In 1.Hlgh convenbn pa

33、r unY mass of 1.Undeslrd lharmal grad-Reactor calelysl panldes calalyzed heterogeneous has IalysI Imls may rnlsl 2.0as.8011d rxns phase reacllons dlh 2.Low opemllng caJl 2.Poor temperalure mld a calalysl 3.Conllnous opemlbn 3.Chamlilng may occur 4.Unll may be dillkull lo sarvke and clean Fluldlzed B

34、ad Halaroganeous rtadlons;llkr r CSTR In lhrl 1.0ns.solld 1.Heleqenaws has 1.Good mlxlng I.Bed.fluld mechanlcr MI Reaclor the rtaclanlr are wIU mexed 2.Gar.solld phase reecllons wllh 2.Good unllormly d kmpetalum well Lnw cnlalyred a calalysl 3.Calalyal can br conllnwsly 2.Seven agllellon can rasull

35、regennralsd wlth Ihe use ol In ulalyrl deslrucllon a d an suxllllary loop dusl formallon 3.Uncenrln scale.up Given:Los Angeles Basin:A=Basin area=2 x 10 ft2.H i =Inversion height=2000 ft,V=4 x 10 ft.Basin may be considered well-mixed.v,wind from Mojave Desert T=75 S:and Po=1.0 a m FmA=CO emission fr

36、om autosFms=CO in Santa Ana wind V,=3OOOft/car at STP C=number of cars=400,000 1.NB=no.of lb moles gas in system:3.v=wind speed=15 mph W=corridor width=20 miles 5.CO Balance:Input to LA Basin from c a r s =FCoA,f r o m the Santa Ana wind=F-;Output=voCco,where Cm=Concentration of CO in Basin.6.At t-O

37、*CCO-CCOaO;restraaging and intagrnting above For NO:3-N O,A PC 3.8 4 r t 0-b r001f t-FNO,h A 3 FNO,*-3.84110-(Lb mo1e/ft3 x 3000 f c/k=.s.=r 400,000 cars-4.608fio3 Ib molslhr 3.ro-1.67.10lftihs(.a r e as for CO)*F O,-0(sirto)5.NO material balrncr bocomos.ritb FNOSS=0 3 CNo,o-.127fi0-*1b moto/f t 6.S

38、olution to D.E.is not P1-10(contd)1.n r n Iorerr concentration of NO occ=s whoa that take%.+a t bf tho rind is just balanced bT tkat ptodcod by tho autos.i.e.rhea It is seen thst tkir is thaa.*.Tke concentration of rill-ne+er reach 0.1 ppr uslass L.A.s driving habits are altered.t-ll,Solution Reacti

39、on:A-B constant volumetric flowrate;isothermal;continuous flow reactor FAo=3.0 mol/hr,v,=IO d&/hr-CAo=05 mol/dm3 mol(a)-rA=k,w i e k=O.OS h r dm CSTR Mole Balancr V=FO-F Rate Law:-r,=k=0.05 mol hr dm F,-O.OlF,-(5 3 0.9 9)Combine:V=99.0 dm-f,Volume of the CSTR-99.0 dm3 P1-1 1(contd)Rate Law.-r,=k=0.0

40、5 mol hr dm dF Combine:-A=-k dV Volume of PFR=99.0 dm3 Mole Balance in terms of concentration:V=v,(c,-C A I .-rrs Rate Law:-rA=kCA dC Mole Bdance in terms of concentratioh-A=*dV vo Rate Law:-r=kiZ v Combine:fd=-L 0 k Volume of PFR=128.0 dm3 P1-1 l(contd)dm(3-rAskCA=,with k=3.0-mol hr CSTR-Mole Balan

41、ce in terms of concentration:V=V,(CA,-C A I -r A-.Rate Law:-rA=kCAZ-.v,(c,-O.OlC,)Combine:V=-k(0.0 1 ,)Volume of CSTR=66,000 dm3 PFR-dC r Mole Balance in terms of concentration:2=A dV v,Rate Law:-rA=kCAz Combine:V=(1 0%)-1-99.o dm Volume of PFR-660 dm3(Solution by J.T.Santini,Jr.)pt-12 Solution Reac

42、tion:A-wB+C isothermal;well-mixed:constant volume batch rtactot V-20 d m ,NAo=20 moles(a)-rA=kCA,with k=0.865 min-1 Mole Balancc(constant volume batch reactor)dC 4,dt r A Rate Law.-r*=kC d Combine:2=-kc,dt 2 dm(b)-rA=kCA2,with k=-mo1-min Mole Balance:!LrA dt Rate Law:-rA=kCA2 dCA Combine:-=-kcA=dr 2

43、 dm3 mol min t=9.5 min.(d Assume Ideal Gas Equation Holds Tempcramre=1 U T =400K(constant because isothermal)Volume=20 dm3(constant)Lnitial Toml-Moles=20 Fmal Toal Moles=40(reaction goes to completion)Gas Cons%-.:=0.082 dm rnarn mol-K F d Pressure:nRT(40 m o i e s)(0.0 8 2)(4 0 0 K)p,=-=V(20 dm)PI-1

44、3.PBR-Ihc volumetric flow rate is given as%,=3 B in a foam tsactor:Considat a differential elosant,AV of tho reactor:4 By uteri81 balsnca FA-(FA 5)=-(1-e)AV vhoio(1-e)AV=frsction of reactor alema2 whish is iiqoid-or:.dF.rA(I-e)kist relate(-rA)to FA,where FA is the total(gas+liquid)molar flw rate of

45、A.-rA=xate of reaction(gmoles A per cu cr of liquid per sac)=volume fraction of gas FA=0 1.t flow rate of A(gmoles/rec)V=vol-e of reactor 1.3rd Edition,Solution Manual,Chapter 2 b Chapter 2 C General:The overall goal of these problems is to help the student realize that if they have-rA=f(X)they can

46、design or size a large number of reaction systems.It sets the stage for the algorithm developed in Chapter 4.P2-1.This problem will keep students thinking about writing down what they learned every chapter.P2-2.Part(a)is open-ended and encourages the student to do little OUT OF THE BOX thinking.1 P2

47、-3.Straight forward rehash of Example 2-7 to calculate reactor volumes.!i r P2-4.Uses definition of space time to calculate V.Can be done in 30 seconds.P2-5,No calculations necessary for this problem,but does require some thinking.-P2-6.This problem encompasses most all the key points of Chapter 2.T

48、hat is,if we are given-rA=f(X)then we can size any number of reactor systems.Some parts plug and chug,others require more thinking.m-7.Good troubleshooting problem.Could ask the students to brainstorm in groups what could have happened.Problems F2-8,P2-9,and P2-12 are alternative problems to P2-6 an

49、d can be assigned in different years.b4P2-10;The point is to estimate the sizes of these real reactors.The students can use the door as a point of reference to estimate the reactor volumes.Could be used with the ethical dilemma problems.CDP2-B.hl;.Open-ended in that student is faced with decision on

50、 how to relax.297 r;.-fi-130 In recent years,a number of students have on their own fit a polynomial to 1 the curves in P2-6,P2-8,P2-9,and P2-12 and then used POLYMATH to solve 1 the problems.1 9fij r v hblems P2-14 and PZ-15 encourage outside reading and help to develop life-long learning skills by